O Net

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Details Report for:
17-1011.00 - Architects, Except Landscape and Naval

Plan and design structures, such as private residences, office buildings, theaters, factories, and other structural property.

Sample of reported job titles: Project Architect, Project Manager, Principal, Design Architect

View report: Summary Details Custom

Tasks Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance	Category	Task
89	Core	Prepare information regarding design, structure specifications, materials, color, equipment, estimated costs, or construction time.
85	Core	Consult with client to determine functional and spatial requirements of structure.
84	Core	Direct activities of workers engaged in preparing drawings and specification documents.
84	Core	Plan layout of project.
82	Core	Prepare contract documents for building contractors.
81	Core	Prepare scale drawings.
80	Core	Integrate engineering element into unified design.
71	Core	Conduct periodic on-site observation of work during construction to monitor compliance with plans.
68	Core	Administer construction contracts.
59	Core	Represent client in obtaining bids and awarding construction contracts.
47	Supplemental	Prepare operating and maintenance manuals, studies, and reports.

Tools & Technology Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Tools used in this occupation:

Compasses — Dividers

Drafting kits or sets — Arm drafting machines; Track drafting machines

Grinding machines — Disk grinding machines

Milling machines — Computer-guided milling machines

Photocopiers — Diazo copiers; Engineering copiers

Power saws — Circular saws; Fretsaws

Saws — Hand saws; Thermal saws

Soldering irons or guns — Soldering irons

Straight edges — Parallel bars

Utility knives — X-acto knives

Technology used in this occupation:

Accounting software — Intuit QuickBooks; Turtle Creek Software Goldenseal (accounting feature)

Analytical or scientific software — BeamChek software; Quality Plans & Software HVAC Calculator

Computer aided design CAD software — Autodesk AutoCAD; Roof Builder Tools software; SketchUp software; Virtual reality modeling language VRML software (see all 15 examples)

Document management software — Adobe Acrobat; CADFind Sketch & Search software; FileNet P8 software

Graphics or photo imaging software — Adobe Illustrator; Adobe Photoshop; Micro-Press MicroStation PowerDraft

Office suite software — ArchiOffice software; Microsoft Office

Procurement software — 1ST Pricing Window & Door Toolkit

Project management software — Craftsman CD Estimator; Turtle Creek Software Goldenseal (project management feature)

Time accounting software — Turtle Creek Software Goldenseal (time accounting feature)

Word processing software

See all 37 T2 categories

Knowledge Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Knowledge
97		Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
94		Design — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
72		Engineering and Technology — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
67		English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
66		Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
66		Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
65		Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
62		Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
59		Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
57		Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
50		Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
50		Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
49		Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
44		Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
43		Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
42		Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
40		Physics — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub- atomic structures and processes.
38		Fine Arts — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
38		Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
35		Telecommunications — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
34		Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
33		Geography — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
32		History and Archeology — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
30		Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
23		Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
19		Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.
18		Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
18		Transportation — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
14		Philosophy and Theology — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
4		Foreign Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
4		Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
3		Therapy and Counseling — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
2		Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

Skills Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Skill
91		Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
86		Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
83		Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
82		Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
81		Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
80		Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
77		Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
75		Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
74		Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
71		Operations Analysis — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
70		Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
68		Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
63		Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems.
61		Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
59		Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
58		Management of Financial Resources — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
57		Negotiation — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
57		Quality Control Analysis — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
53		Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
52		Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
52		Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
51		Troubleshooting — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
49		Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.
46		Science — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
41		Technology Design — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
38		Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
37		Management of Material Resources — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
35		Equipment Selection — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
35		Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
17		Repairing — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
14		Installation — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
14		Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
12		Equipment Maintenance — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
5		Operation Monitoring — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
4		Programming — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

Abilities Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Ability
81		Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
81		Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
75		Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
75		Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
72		Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
72		Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
72		Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
69		Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
69		Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
69		Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
66		Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
66		Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
63		Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
60		Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
60		Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
53		Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
53		Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
47		Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
44		Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance.
44		Visual Color Discrimination — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
41		Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
38		Depth Perception — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
38		Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
35		Control Precision — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
35		Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
35		Memorization — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
35		Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
31		Time Sharing — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
28		Auditory Attention — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
28		Speed of Closure — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
25		Perceptual Speed — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
22		Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
13		Hearing Sensitivity — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
13		Spatial Orientation — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
13		Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.
3		Wrist-Finger Speed — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
0		Dynamic Flexibility — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
0		Dynamic Strength — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
0		Explosive Strength — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
0		Extent Flexibility — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
0		Glare Sensitivity — The ability to see objects in the presence of glare or bright lighting.
0		Gross Body Coordination — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
0		Gross Body Equilibrium — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
0		Night Vision — The ability to see under low light conditions.
0		Peripheral Vision — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
0		Rate Control — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
0		Reaction Time — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
0		Response Orientation — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
0		Sound Localization — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
0		Speed of Limb Movement — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
0		Stamina — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
0		Static Strength — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.

Work Activities Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Work Activity
88		Interacting With Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information. develop or maintain databases use computer aided drafting or design software for design, drafting, modeling, or other engineering tasks use computer graphics design software use computers to enter, access or retrieve data use relational database software use spreadsheet software use word processing or desktop publishing software
85		Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions. design construction projects design office layout determine specifications use creativity in designing interior spaces use creativity in graphics
81		Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems. resolve engineering or science problems
79		Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used. draw maps or charts draw prototypes, plans, or maps to scale
78		Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work. plan construction of structures or facilities
76		Communicating with Persons Outside Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail. communicate technical information make presentations
76		Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person. confer with engineering, technical or manufacturing personnel
76		Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources. obtain information from individuals read blueprints read maps read technical drawings research property records
76		Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job. use building or land use regulations use drafting or mechanical drawing techniques use field notes in technical drawings use government regulations use graphic arts techniques use knowledge of investigation techniques use knowledge of regulations in surveying or construction activities use land surveying techniques use library or online Internet research techniques use mathematical or statistical methods to identify or analyze problems use project management techniques use scientific research methodology use technical regulations for engineering problems
75		Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards. inspect facilities or equipment for regulatory compliance
74		Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks. coordinate engineering project activities direct and coordinate activities of workers or staff
72		Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events. analyze spatial data recognize construction industry codes or symbols on blueprints understand construction specifications understand engineering data or reports understand government construction contracting regulations understand property documents
71		Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
69		Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members. lead teams in engineering projects
69		Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
64		Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts. analyze project proposal to determine feasibility, cost, or time analyze scientific research data or investigative findings analyze technical data, designs, or preliminary specifications evaluate costs of engineering projects evaluate engineering data
61		Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
60		Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
60		Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people. evaluate product design
57		Performing Administrative Activities — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork. prepare contract documents prepare reports prepare technical reports or related documentation
56		Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used. explain complex mathematical information interpret aerial photographs interpret maps for architecture, construction, or engineering project
55		Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects. inspect project operations, or site to determine specification compliance
54		Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data. compute production, construction, or installation specifications develop tables depicting data
51		Monitoring and Controlling Resources — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money. manage contracts
49		Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others. negotiate business contracts
48		Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them. develop plans for programs or projects develop policies, procedures, methods, or standards write business project or bid proposals
47		Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
47		Provide Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics. advise clients or customers advise clients regarding engineering problems consult with customers concerning needs
44		Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance. delegate authority for engineering activities direct personnel in support of engineering activities
34		Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
34		Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
31		Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity. bid engineering, construction or extraction projects convert design specifications to cost estimates estimate cost for engineering projects estimate time needed for project estimate time or cost for installation, repair, or construction projects judge distances
30		Selling or Influencing Others — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
26		Controlling Machines and Processes — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
25		Staffing Organizational Units — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
23		Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
22		Assisting and Caring for Others — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
19		Performing General Physical Activities — Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.
18		Handling and Moving Objects — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
16		Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or water craft.
5		Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Work Context Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Context		Work Context
99		Telephone — How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?
95		Face-to-Face Discussions — How often do you have to have face-to-face discussions with individuals or teams in this job?
94		Duration of Typical Work Week — Number of hours typically worked in one week.
94		Freedom to Make Decisions — How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?
94		Letters and Memos — How often does the job require written letters and memos?
92		Structured versus Unstructured Work — To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?
92		Work With Work Group or Team — How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?
91		Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?
88		Contact With Others — How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?
88		Electronic Mail — How often do you use electronic mail in this job?
88		Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in environmentally controlled conditions?
86		Frequency of Decision Making — How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?
81		Coordinate or Lead Others — How important is it to coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities in this job?
81		Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — How do the decisions an employee makes impact the results of co-workers, clients or the company?
78		Level of Competition — To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?
78		Spend Time Sitting — How much does this job require sitting?
75		Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?
73		Time Pressure — How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?
63		Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?
62		Physical Proximity — To what extent does this job require the worker to perform job tasks in close physical proximity to other people?
60		Deal With External Customers — How important is it to work with external customers or the public in this job?
54		Consequence of Error — How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?
50		In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in a closed vehicle or equipment (e.g., car)?
50		Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?
49		Frequency of Conflict Situations — How often are there conflict situations the employee has to face in this job?
46		Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — How much does this job require making repetitive motions?
40		Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — How often does this job require working outdoors, exposed to all weather conditions?
39		Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — How often does this job require working exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable?
38		Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in non-controlled environmental conditions (e.g., warehouse without heat)?
38		Responsible for Others' Health and Safety — How much responsibility is there for the health and safety of others in this job?
37		Degree of Automation — How automated is the job?
33		Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?
33		Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — How often does this job require working in extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?
32		Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — How much does this job require wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hard hats or life jackets?
30		Public Speaking — How often do you have to perform public speaking in this job?
29		Spend Time Standing — How much does this job require standing?
29		Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — How often does this job require working in very hot (above 90 F degrees) or very cold (below 32 F degrees) temperatures?
25		Outdoors, Under Cover — How often does this job require working outdoors, under cover (e.g., structure with roof but no walls)?
21		Exposed to Contaminants — How often does this job require working exposed to contaminants (such as pollutants, gases, dust or odors)?
19		Spend Time Walking and Running — How much does this job require walking and running?
18		Exposed to High Places — How often does this job require exposure to high places?
17		Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — How often does this job require working in cramped work spaces that requires getting into awkward positions?
17		Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — How much does this job require bending or twisting your body?
13		Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — How much does this job require kneeling, crouching, stooping or crawling?
11		Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous equipment?
11		Work Schedules — How regular are the work schedules for this job?
10		Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — How much does this job require climbing ladders, scaffolds, or poles?
9		Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous conditions?
7		Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)
6		Deal With Physically Aggressive People — How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?
5		Exposed to Disease or Infections — How often does this job require exposure to disease/infections?
4		Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — How often does this job require exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings?
3		Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — How much does this job require keeping or regaining your balance?
3		Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — How much does this job require wearing specialized protective or safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, safety harness, full protection suits, or radiation protection?
1		Exposed to Whole Body Vibration — How often does this job require exposure to whole body vibration (e.g., operate a jackhammer)?
0		Exposed to Radiation — How often does this job require exposure to radiation?
0		In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in an open vehicle or equipment (e.g., tractor)?

Job Zone Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Component	Description
Title	Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed

Overall Experience	Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job.

Job Training	Employees may need some on-the-job training, but most of these occupations assume that the person will already have the required skills, knowledge, work-related experience, and/or training.

Job Zone Examples	These occupations often involve coordinating, training, supervising, or managing the activities of others to accomplish goals. Very advanced communication and organizational skills are required. Examples include librarians, lawyers, aerospace engineers, physicists, school psychologists, and surgeons.

SVP Range	(8.0 and above)

Education	A bachelor's degree is the minimum formal education required for these occupations. However, many also require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).

Interests Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Occupational Interest		Interest
89		Artistic — Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.
72		Realistic — Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
67		Investigative — Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
50		Enterprising — Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.
39		Conventional — Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
33		Social — Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.

Work Styles Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Work Style
95		Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
84		Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
80		Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
80		Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
79		Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
78		Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high stress situations.
76		Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
74		Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
73		Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
66		Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
66		Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
65		Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
64		Self Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
62		Independence — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
52		Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
50		Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.

Work Values Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Extent		Work Value
94		Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
80		Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employs to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
69		Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
68		Recognition — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.
55		Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.
36		Support — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.

Work Needs Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Extent		Work Need
97		Ability Utilization — Workers on this job make use of their individual abilities.
94		Creativity — Workers on this job try out their own ideas.
91		Achievement — Workers on this job get a feeling of accomplishment.
91		Recognition — Workers on this job receive recognition for the work they do.
84		Social Status — Workers on this job are looked up to by others in their company and their community.
78		Compensation — Workers on this job are paid well in comparison with other workers.
78		Working Conditions — Workers on this job have good working conditions.
75		Autonomy — Workers on this job plan their work with little supervision.
72		Responsibility — Workers on this job make decisions on their own.
72		Security — Workers on this job have steady employment.
66		Variety — Workers on this job have something different to do every day.
63		Activity — Workers on this job are busy all the time.
63		Moral Values — Workers on this job are never pressured to do things that go against their sense of right and wrong.
59		Independence — Workers on this job do their work alone.
56		Co-workers — Workers on this job have co-workers who are easy to get along with.
53		Authority — Workers on this job give directions and instructions to others.
47		Company Policies and Practices — Workers on this job are treated fairly by the company.
47		Social Service — Workers on this job have work where they do things for other people.
44		Advancement — Workers on this job have opportunities for advancement.
44		Supervision, Human Relations — Workers on this job have supervisors who back up their workers with management.
19		Supervision, Technical — Workers on this job have supervisors who train their workers well.

Related Occupations Save Table (XLS/CSV)

17-1012.00	Landscape Architects
17-2051.00	Civil Engineers
17-2111.01	Industrial Safety and Health Engineers
17-2121.02	Marine Architects
17-2141.00	Mechanical Engineers
17-2151.00	Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers
17-3012.02	Electrical Drafters
17-3022.00	Civil Engineering Technicians
27-1027.00	Set and Exhibit Designers

Education

Percentage of Respondents	Education Level Attained
88	Bachelor's degree or higher
10	Some college
2	High school or less

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of employees aged 25-44.

This occupation may require a background in the following science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) educational disciplines:

Engineering — Architecture

Wages & Employment Trends

National

Category	Occupation Information
Median wages (2006)	$30.84 hourly, $64,150 annual

Employment (2006)	132,000 employees

Projected growth (2006-2016)	Faster than average (14% to 20%)

Projected need (2006-2016)	48,000 additional employees

Details Report for: 17-1011.00 - Architects, Except Landscape and Naval